绝对理性(绝对理性和绝对感性)

世上只有理性,那些看似感性的举动,只是因为现有的逻辑和语言无法描述原因,而人脑上万亿的神经元业已做出判断。因此,那些感性只是尚待解释的理性。

作为共产党员、同性恋、无神论者的帕索里尼拍了一部被宗教团体认为是最忠于基督精神的宗教影片。在讽刺的同时,让人沉思…… 因为,他始终带着科学的理性和哲学化的感性去重新审视“宗教”这个延续千年的政治文化现象。 影片台词取自圣经,而圣经中的能指和所指已经分离,大多数词语已经不再指它的本义,而是暗喻。它仅仅在于指明方向,而不是提供答案。

在影片中,他唯一想探讨和重新审视的,也是宗教的最高教义——真理。 作为语言符号的“真理”,当科学占据主导,上帝已死后,真理依然存在,只不过它的所指已经发生转变——它从上帝的话语,转变为科学和哲学的绝对理性——在这明显而惊人的转变中,圣经中那些古老的话语,却依然能适用于新的语境,并正确指引人们在新的道路上前行——这就是圣经的伟大之处,也是帕索里尼想要在影片中传达的。 在传达方式上,他不需要给圣经在新时代增添新的注解,而是极大地忠实于圣经的原本样貌,就可以充分地表达出一切了,这又体现了圣经的伟大。帕索里尼看出了这一点,并在电影中时刻践行这一原则,这也体现了帕索里尼的伟大。

1. 能让我低头的,只有美的事物。人不应该向任何事情低下高贵的头颅,除了真理。

绝对理性

2. “I have come to bring a sword not peace. 我带来的不是太平 而是刀剑

I have come to set a man against his father 使儿子与父亲不和

and a daughter against her mother 女儿与母亲不和

and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law. 媳妇与婆婆相争

A man's enemies will include members of his own family. 人的仇敌就是自己的家人

Anyone who loves his father or mother more than me 谁爱父母甚于爱我 便不配跟从我

or anyone who loves his son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. 谁爱儿女甚于爱我 也不配跟从我”

斩断腐朽亲属、朋友关系的羁绊,人类文明之初产生了亲属关系,为了文明的延续,必须将腐朽斩断。就像黑格尔所说:过于强调感恩的文化是不可能孕育出民主的,因为无法在人与人之间建立起平等的关系 。

3. “If you cling to your life you will lose it 想保存自己生命的人 反而要丧命

but if you give up your life for me you will find it. 但为我的缘故而丧命的人 必将复活

Blessed are those who are persecuted for the sake of righteousness 福哉 为了义而遭迫害的人

because the kingdom of heaven belongs to them. 因为天国属于他们 Blessed are you when men revile you and persecute you 福哉 若是你们因为我的缘故

and speak all manner of evil against you falsely because of me. 而受人辱骂迫害 百般污蔑中伤

Rejoice and be glad a rich reward绝对理性 awaits you in heaven. 就该欢喜不尽 因为你们在天上将有丰富的赏赐

For that is how they persecuted the prophets who were before you. 一如之前的那些先知 遭人迫害”

耶稣象征着真理,追随真理要抛头颅洒热血,甚至不惜生命; “复活”指的是追求真理的精神被无限继承下去,在人们的心里复活。

4.

疯麻病患者被隔绝在封闭的村落,就像在中世纪时,将精神病患者送到海上漂流的“愚人船”。 “正常人”对疯麻病和一些疾病的恐惧来自于对科学的无知,导致病患缺少及时的治疗和照顾,也丧失了劳动和服务社会的能力,造成一种恶性循环。 就像福柯的《疯癫与文明》和桑塔格《疾病的隐喻》中所说,疾病既是一种医学现象,也成为挑战人类文明的社会学现象。 而耶稣业已表明了他的态度:关心而非冷漠,医治而不抛弃。

5.pure love

6.行善只是为了满足内心深处的需求。

“When you give to the needy 当你施舍时

do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing 别让左手知道右手所做的

so that your merciful deeds may be in secret. 以把施舍留在暗处

Then your Father who sees what is done in secret will reward you. 而天父明察一切隐秘 必会赏赐你”

7.

You have heard it said "An eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth." 你们一定听过“以眼还眼 以牙还牙”

I tell you do not offer resistance. 但是我告诉你们 不要报复欺负你们的人

If a man strikes you on your right cheek turn the other. 若有人打你的右脸 你把左脸转过来也给他打吧

8. 博爱

You have heard it said "Love your neighbour and hate your enemy." 你们一定听过“爱你的朋友 恨你的仇敌”

I tell you Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you 但是我告诉你们 要爱你们的仇敌 为迫害你们的人祷告

so that you may be true sons of your Father in heaven 如此 你们才配作天父的子孙

who makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good 绝对理性 因为他让太阳升起 光照好人 也光照坏人

his rain fall on the just and on the unjust. 降雨给行善的人 也给作恶的人

9.与自己和解,与他人和解。

10.Silence is the voice of God.

When you pray don't use vain repetitions as the Gentiles do. 你们做祷告时 不可唠叨 犹如外族

They think that by being so wordy they will be heard. 他们以为多言会蒙垂允

You are not to be like them. 莫跟他们的一样

10.真理永远在少数人手中。我们毕生都在追求的,是特殊而美的花朵。纪德的《窄门》

Make your way in by the narrow gate. 你们要进窄门

It is a broad gate and a wide road that leads to perdition 因为宽门阔路引向灭亡

and those who go that way are many indeed. 尽管走的人多

How small the gate how narrow the road that leads to life 而那通向永生的门是多么窄 路是多么狭

and how few there are that find it. 找到它的人非常少

11.

马太福音的一个意义在于,破解以往人们曲解圣经的内容,即耶稣用他的话语重新定义了圣经。

12. “a man had two sons 某人有两个儿子

and he asked the first to work in his vineyard that day. 他对大儿子说 你今天去葡萄园干活吧

The son refused but relented afterwards and went. 老大先是拒绝 但后来改变主意 还是去了

He asked his second son to work in the vineyard. 那人对二儿子说了同样的活

The son said he would go but did not go. 老二答应了 但并没去

Which of the two did his father's will? 这两个儿子 哪一个遵行了父命?”

从这段对话中,看出耶稣对哲学根本问题的回答:世界是物质的还是精神的? 他站在前者。 对比The Ship of Theseus。船和水手精神哪个才是船的所指? 他又站在后者。 宗教的实质是哲学,是更偏向于艺术的哲学。而艺术囊括了各种矛盾性。在艺术里,矛盾并不矛盾。它构成了艺术本身。

塔可夫斯基《艺术,渴求理想》

13.

重新定义了“父亲”“老师”的深层含义: 真理是父亲,传授真理的是老师。

14.

15.

Woe upon you blind leaders who say 祸哉 你们这些瞎眼的向导 说什么

"If a man swears by the temple it means nothing “人指着圣殿起誓可以不算数

"but if he swears by the gold in the temple his oath stands." “指着圣殿里的黄金立誓 才须遵守”

You blind fools! 你们这些瞎眼的蠢人

Which is greater the gold or the temple that consecrates the gold? 黄金和圣殿哪个重要?

And you say "If a man swears by the altar it means nothing 你们还说 “人指着祭坛起誓可以不算数

"but if he swears by the gift on the altar his oath stands." “指着祭坛上的供品立誓 才须遵守”

Blind fools! Which is greater the gift or the consecrating altar? 瞎眼的人啊 祭坛和供品哪个重要?

16.外在和内在

17.拥有神力的耶稣为何并不反抗

18.耶稣的伟大体现在他提出了“心”的概念;并重新定义了生死

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